•Present perfect tense
•Usage: The present perfect tense
• puts emphasis on the
result
•Ex: She has written five letters.
• expresses an action
that is still going on.
•Ex: School has not started yet.
• expresses an action
that stopped recently
•Ex: She has cooked dinner.
• expresses a finished
action that has an influence on the present
•Ex: I have lost my key.
• expresses an action
that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
•Ex: I have never been to Australia.
•
Form of present perfect:
•
The adverbs are frequently used in the present
perfect:
•For: When talking about the length of time
(duration), we use the present perfect with for + a period of time.
Ex: I have worked here for
five years. She has lived here for twenty years. They have been married for six
months.
•Since: When talking about a starting point, we use
the present perfect with since +
a point in time.
Ex: I have lived here
since 1998. They have been married since June. We have been at this school
since last year.
•adverbs
(ever, never, already, yet, still)
'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the past participle.
'Ever' and 'never' are always placed before the past participle.
Ex: Has she ever met someone famous?
I have never visited London. I’ve never been so sick.
I have never visited London. I’ve never been so sick.
Already, yet and still: It can be placed before the main verb
(past participle) or at the end of the sentence.
•Present perfect continuous
USAGE: The
present perfect continuous tense
•puts emphasis on the duration or course of an
action (not the result)
Example: She has been
writing for two hours.
•action that recently stopped or is still going
on Example: I have been living here
since 2001.
•finished action that influenced the present Example: I have been working all
afternoon.
•
Form of present perfect continuous:
•Reminder:
Verbs with
stative meanings are not used in the progressive. The present perfect, NOT the
present perfect continuous, is used with stative verbs to describe the duration
of a state that began in the past and continue to the present.
Ex: I have known Alice since he was a
child.
Incorrect: I have been knowing Alice since he was a child.
•Present perfect simple vs. Present perfect
continuous
•
•We can use both the
present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous to describe an
activity that started in the past and continues up to the present and possibly
into the future.
Ex: They
have been studying English for three years.
They’ve studied English for three years.
•We can use the
present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous with lately and recently.
Ex: I’ve
been working hard lately.
I’ve done a lot of work lately.
•
•
•Put the verbs into the correct form (present
perfect simple).
1.Since classes began, I (have, not)_____ much free time. I
(have)____ several big tests to study for.
2.The science of medicine (advance)______ a great deal in the 19th century.
3.We (have)_____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. I
wonder how many more we will have.
4.I (write)______ them three times, but I haven’t received a
reply.
5.The telephone (ring)_________ four times in the last hours, and
each time it has been for my office mate.
6.A: What are you going to order for dinner?
B: Well, I (have, never)________
vegeterian pizza, so I think I’ll order that.
7.Bill (be)_________ here since 22nd.
8.So far this week, I (have)_________ two tests and a quiz.
9.Alex is an artist. He (draw)______ many beautiful pictures in
his lifetime.
10.Fatima (see, never)_________ snow in her entire lifetime.
●
•Put the verbs into the correct form (present
perfect progressive).
•
1.He (work)___________ in this company since
1985.
2.I (wait)_____ for you since two o'clock.
3.Mary (live)_________ in Germany since 1992.
4.Why is he so tired? He (play)_____ tennis for
five hours.
5.How long (learn / you)______ English?
6.We (look for)_______ the motorway for more
than an hour.
7.I (live)____________ without electricity for
two weeks.
8.The film (run / not)_________ for ten minutes
yet, but there's a commercial break already.
9.How long (work / she)_________ in the garden?
10.She (not / be)_________ in the garden for
more than an hour.
•Put the verbs into the correct tense.
(present perfect simple or present perfect progressive)
1.I (play)_________ football for five years.
2.My team (win / only)_________ two matches so far.
3.The others (be / always)________ better.
4.Are we not there yet? We (walk)________ for hours.
5.But we (cover / only)__________ an area of five miles so far.
6.I (finish/just)_______ my homework.
7.I (work)________ on this essay since two o'clock.
8.Jane (go out)______ with Bob for seven years.
9.Martin (date)________ three girls this week.
10.How long (wait / you)_________ for us?
•Listen to the conversation between an
interview and Lennart Dahlgren, and complete extracts 1-4
1.Mr. Dahlgren, IKEA__________ in Russia for several years, and
you arrived at the start. How long_____ in Russia?
I______ since 1998.
That’s when IKEA_________ operations in Russia.
2.How many stores_______ ?
We______ five stores so
far, and we_______ several large shopping malls in the last few years.
3.Consumer demand________ steadily since we_____ the first store.
4.We________ the percentage of our global supply that comes from
Russia for a number of years. We_____ several factories throughout Russia –
near St Petersburg, Moscow, and Karelia.
•Listen to the second part of the interview
and complete extracts 1 and 2.
1.But bureaucratic problems________ fewer recently. For example,
the Government _____ the number of licences that are needed for a company to set up.
2.However, we_____ a number of things in the time we______ here.
We___ management training programmes to help new
Russian entrepreneurs. We_____ to show how a modern company has to work to
survive in the international market.
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